Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) Syndrome
One of the most dreaded diseases among the human race is dementia. What a lot of people do not know, is that unfortunately, our dogs can get a form of this too. It’s called canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome, or “canine dementia”.
CCD syndrome is a condition related to the aging of a dog’s brain, which leads to changes in their awareness, deficits in learning and memory, and decreased responsiveness to stimuli. Some of the symptoms are mild, while others will gradually worsen over time. One or more CCD symptoms are found in nearly one in three dogs over the age of 11. These symptoms include: disorientation/confusion, anxiety, irritability, restlessness, excessive licking, disregard for previously learned training, inability to follow familiar routes, excessive barking or howling, decreased desire to play, lack of self-grooming, incontinence, loss of appetite, and changes in sleep cycle. Like humans, the exact causes of dementia are unknown, but small strokes and other accumulation of damage may also contribute to this condition.
Diagnosing CCD mostly consists of “ruling out” other conditions that also lead to behavioral changes. Your vet will need a thorough history of your dog’s health, as well as the onset and nature of all symptoms. They will likely perform a complete physical exam to evaluate the overall health status and cognitive functions of your canine.
Once a diagnosis is determined, treatment of canine dementia requires lifelong therapy and support for the dog. There isn’t necessarily a “cure” for CCD, but maintaining a healthy, stimulating environment, along with a daily routine of exercise, play, and diet will help slow the progression of cognitive decline. During the nighttime hours, night lights, potty pads, and orthopedic foam beds can make sleep more comfortable. Keeping your dog in a smaller, familiar area at night may also help, so they are not up wandering around while you’re asleep. During the day, sticking to a familiar exercise route or routine, as well as scheduled play and meal times can also help. Your veterinarian may also suggest a special, balanced diet supplemented with antioxidants, vitamins E and C, selenium, flavonoids, beta carotene, carotenoids, omega-3, or carnitine. These are all considered excellent for improving a dog’s cognitive functions.
Prognosis, or life expectancy, of dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome, is tricky. Being similar to dementia in humans, the disease will eventually diminish the dog’s quality of life, but there is no specific timeline. With your help, your vet will evaluate your dog periodically to monitor the progression of symptoms. In geriatric dogs, any health or behavioral changes can be serious so it’s important to notify your veterinarian at the first sign.